Biosynthesis and Regulation of Dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) in Brain
نویسندگان
چکیده
Els esteroides sintetitzats en el sistema nerviós s’han anomenat neuroesteroides perquè es creu que estan dirigits a actuar exclusivament en les cèll . ules del cervell. Utilitzant com a model les vies esteroidogèniques definides en els teixits endocrins perifèrics, s’ha demostrat que les cèll . ules glials del cervell poden convertir el colesterol en pregnenolona, que és el precursor d’una sèrie d’esteroides moduladors de les funcions neuronals, com és la dihidroepiandrosterona (DHEA), un dels esteroides neuroactius principals sintetitzats en el cervell. Nogensmenys, les dades obtingudes fins avui no aporten elements clau de l’existència d’aquesta via en el cervell, tals com l’activitat 17α-hidroxilasa/17-20-liasa citocrom P450 (CYP17) responsable de la formació de DHEA en els teixits perifèrics. Això suggereix l’existència d’una via diferent, específica de cèll . ula cerebral, per a la síntesi de DHEA. El present manuscrit vol revisar els esforços per explorar i caracteritzar el mecanisme de síntesi i regulació del neuroesteroide DHEA. El nostre objectiu a llarg termini és comprendre les bases neuroquímiques de la biosíntesi esferoidal en el cervell. Durant els darrers anys, hem aportat evidència de l’existència d’una via alternativa de la biosíntesi de DHEA nova, específica de cervell i independent de CYP17. Tanmateix, hem demostrat que la formació de la DHEA en el cervell està regulada per l’estrès oxidatiu, i desencadenada pel ferro i el pèptid β-amiloide tant in vitro com in vivo. En conclusió, aquestes dades suggereixen l’existència d’una via específica cerebral per a la biosíntesi de DHEA. Paraules clau: neuroesteroides, colesterol, andrògens, CYP17, neuropatologia.
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